I have questions regarding whether your interpretation of the events involving Number Three and the Temple of the Five are correct. I think there is a completely valid interpretation of what happened without requiring:

* the ancientness of the Final Five (This is a questionable point, for if these models were so ancient, then why aren't they models 1-5 instead of 7, 9-12? It seems like something happened AFTER the mapping out of the twelve models to inaugurate the 7/5 split. It only seems so ancient to the Significant 7 because when something is erased and wiped over from a computer's hard drive, what used to be there might as well be ancient history.)

* the overlooking of the back story given in some official commentary, forgive me for getting where specifically, that after their arrival at the twelve colonies, each colony went through an extended period not unlike our Dark Ages in which technological knowledge was lost and the level of technology actually went backwards to an equal level as our ancient times.
- This helps to answer your point about the level of technology not being congruent with producing robots and FTL drives. That is, not all technology should be on par with the Jetsons. All in all, though, much of your critical point still has much validity. Another thing to consider, though, is that perhaps the refinery ship is from a poorer colony, e.g., Aerelon, whose corporations are unable to afford better technology as a Caprican vessel, for instance, could (or would) have had.

* a so precisely scripted plan by the Final Five for Galactica. (You mentioned already that Tory's survival is highly fortuitous in a Galactica-centered plan. In terms of Anders, it would be a stretch to image that there plan would include getting the survivors to send someone to the occupied colonies in order to meet and eventually rescue one of the Final Five. And to have Tigh and Tyrol on the ship, it would mean a much larger conspiracy on the level of those found today saying that the Jews or reptilian aliens in human disguises are running the media and/or the economy and/or the world's governments. The Final Five would would then have to have had significant control of the Colonial Fleet to keep these 'persons' assigned to the same ship.)

* requirement of the Final Five's foreknowledge of the Significant Seven's genocidal plans, which might also then remove the basis for a single-copy (among the Colonials ever, at least) theory of the Final Five.

This explanation is that the radiation focused by the Temple's architecture uniquely affected Number Three's Cylon neurostructure such that she saw through the programming blocks regarding thinking of the Final Five. Why this explanation is plausible is that this exposure killed her. In this state, Number Three's own mind would have made up the details beyond the identities, such as the robes and august surroundings. Cylon psychology is based upon human psychology, and a fact of the latter is that the human mind does not do well with blanks and habitually fills in blanks whenever they appear.

Okay, your response is now: why then would Roslin (who has been "infected," by the technical sense of the word, with Cylon blood and thus some greater connection with the Cylons than any other human), Caprica-Six, and Athena see the same building in their shared vision? I answer, I don't know why, but it could just be something as simple as an important trope or 'latent memory' from the original programming of the Cylon's metalloid and/or humanoid models, part of those databases the future Athena references in Razor when speaking of the Guardians. All in all, taking Occam's Razor to one's theories makes theories that are much more easily incorporated into the world as has been shown and given to us thus far.